Variables in Pythons
A variable in Python is a name that refers to a value stored in memory. Just like in mathematics, a variable represents something that can change. In programming, it allows a program to store information, remember it, and use it later.
When you create a variable, you are giving a value a name. That name makes the data easy to access, update, and work with. The value can be a number, text, a list, or any other kind of data. As the program runs, the value connected to a variable can change.
For example:
age = 18Here, age is the variable and 18 is the value.
Later, the value can change:
age = 20The variable age still exists, but now it refers to a different value.
Many beginners think of a variable as a container that stores data. That idea works at a basic level. But in Python, a variable is actually a reference to an object in memory. The object holds the data. The variable simply points to it. When you assign a new value to a variable, Python makes it point to a new object.
This is why you can do things like:
x = 5
x = 10The name x first points to the object 5, then it points to the object 10. The old value is not changed—x is just redirected to something new.
Variables are used everywhere in real programs. A variable can store a user’s name, the number of logged-in users, a player’s score in a game, the temperature from a sensor, or the total price in a shopping cart. Without variables, programs would not be able to remember or process changing information.
There are two main things you do with variables. You read their value, and you assign them a new value. When you use a variable’s name in your code, you are accessing its current value. When you use the assignment operator (=), you are telling Python to make that variable refer to a new value.
In short, variables are the memory of a program. They allow Python to track data, modify it, and use it to make decisions. Mastering variables is not optional—everything else in Python depends on them.
